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Market Diseases of Apples, Pears, and Quinces
Miscellaneous Rots |
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In addition to the apple rots discussed under various special headings, there are others of minor to very minor importance, from which the following fungi have been isolated: Mucor piriformis A. Fisch. (top four photos); Endomyces mali I. M. Lewis; Pleospora fructicola (Newton) Ruehle; Mycosphaerella tulasnei Jancz.; Gliocladium viride Matr.; Phoma spp.; Coniothyrium spp.; Microdiplodia sp.; Pestalotia hartigii Tub.; Coryneum. foliicola Fckl.; Cephalosporium carpogenum, Ruehle; Penicillium spp. (other than P. expansum); Aspergillus spp.; Trichoderma sp.; Cladosporium herbarum, Lk. ex Fr.; Stemphylium congestum Newton; S. congestum minor Ruehle; Fusarium spp.; Epicoccum granulatum Penz.; Ramularia magnusiana (Sacc.) Lindau; Sporonema oxycocci Shear; Pyrenochaeta mali M. A. Smith; Geotrichum sp.; Helminthosporium papulosum Berg; Nigrospora sphaerica, (Sacc.) Mason; Chaetomium spp.; and Melanconium fuligineum (Scribn. & Viala) Cav.
This is not a complete list of fungi isolated, but it shows the wide variety of fungi that have been obtained from apple spots and rots. Some of the fungi have been isolated only once or a few times. Many fungi which have been isolated more often were usually isolated from affected apples at harvest and no information was given on the care of the orchards. Most of these fungi grow slowly at cold-storage temperatures. Only a few are as active either at 32° or at 70°F as rots caused by Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum. The rots caused by miscellaneous fungi are not readily distinguishable from each other except by laboratory study. None are described here. If rots caused by miscellaneous fungi become a problem, one should carefully examine the orchard, handling, and storage practices for the reason. |
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